This article discusses the history of AI, the split between neural networks and symbolic AI, and the recent vindication of neurosymbolic AI through the advancements of models like o3 and Grok 4. It argues that combining the strengths of both approaches is crucial for achieving true AI and highlights the resistance to neurosymbolic AI from some leaders in the deep learning field.
Artificial intelligence has always been around us, with Timothy J. O’Malley’s 1985 book on AI projects for the Commodore 64 being one example. This book explores various AI techniques used in games and other applications, highlighting the foundational methods that have been around since the 1950s and 1960s. It also discusses modern advancements in AI and the ongoing debate about progress and definitions in the field.
